Haematuria

Blood in the urine, which may or may not be visible to the naked eye. In small amounts, it may give the urine a smoky appearance. Almost any urinary tract disorder can cause haematuria. Urinary tract infection is a common cause; prostatitis may be a cause in men. Cysts, kidney tumours, bladder tumours, stones (see calculus, urinary tract), and glomerulonephritis may cause haematuria. Bleeding disorders may also cause the condition. Blood that is not visible to the naked eye may be detected by a dipstick urine test or microscopic examination. CT scanning, ultrasound scanning, or intravenous urography can help determine the cause. If bladder disease is suspected, cystoscopy is performed.