Vitamin C

A water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in the activities of various enzymes. Vitamin C is important for the growth and maintenance of healthy bones, teeth, gums, ligaments, and blood vessels; in the production of certain neurotransmitters and adrenal gland hormones; in the response of the immune system to infection; in wound healing; and in the absorption of iron. The main dietary sources are fruits and vegetables. Considerable amounts of vitamin C are lost when foods are processed, cooked, or kept warm. Mild deficiency of vitamin C may result from a serious injury or burn, major surgery, the use of oral contraceptives, fever, or continual inhalation of carbon monoxide (from traffic fumes or tobacco smoke). It may cause weakness, general aches, swollen gums, and nosebleeds. More serious deficiency is usually caused by a very restricted diet. Severe deficiency leads to scurvy and anaemia. If the daily dose of vitamin C exceeds about 1g, it may cause nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhoea, or kidney stones (see calculi, urinary tract).