Four main types of drug are abused by athletes to enhance physical or mental condition. Stimulants such as amfetamines can prevent fatigue and increase confidence. Three types of hormone drugs may be abused: anabolic steroids (see steroids, anabolic) to speed muscle recovery after exercise; erythropoietin to boost the haemoglobin content of the blood, which may increase stamina; and growth hormone to stimulate muscle growth. Analgesic drugs may be used to mask the pain of an injury. Betablockers are taken to reduce tremor in sports that require a steady hand. Aside from the health risks associated with abuse of these drugs, their use is prohibited in many competitive sports.
Sport, drugs and |
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