Retinopathy

Disease of the retina, usually caused by diabetes mellitus or persistent hypertension. In diabetic retinopathy, the capillaries in the retina are affected by aneurysms, leak fluid, and bleed into the retina. Abnormal capillaries then grow on the retinal surface. As these are fragile, vitreous haemorrhage may occur. Fibrous tissue may also grow into the vitreous humour. Treatment by laser surgery can often halt the progress of the condition. In hypertensive retinopathy the retinal arteries become narrowed. Areas of retina may be destroyed, and bleeding and white deposits may occur in the retina. (See also retrolental fibroplasia.)