Any of a group of lung diseases caused by the inhalation of certain mineral dusts. Only dust particles less than 0.005 mm across reach the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs. The particles accumulate and may cause thickening and scarring. The main types of pneumoconiosis are asbestosis (see asbestos-related diseases), coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, and silicosis, caused by silica dust. These diseases primarily affect workers aged over 50. However, the incidence is falling due to better preventive measures. Pneumoconiosis is often detected by a chest X-ray before symptoms develop. The main symptom is shortness of breath. In severe cases, cor pulmonale or emphysema may develop. The risk of tuberculosis or lung cancer is increased following asbestos or haematite exposure. Diagnosis is based on a history of exposure to dusts, chest X-rays, medical examination, and pulmonary function tests. There is no treatment apart from treating any complications. Further exposure to dust must be avoided.
Pneumoconiosis |
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