Penis, cancer of

A rare type of cancerous tumour that is more common in uncircumcised men with poor personal hygiene. Viral infection and smoking have both been shown to be additional risk factors. The tumour usually starts on the glans or on the foreskin as a painless, wart-like lump or a painful ulcer, and develops into a cauliflowerlike mass. The growth usually spreads slowly, but in some cases it can spread to the lymph nodes in the groin within a few months. Diagnosis is made by a biopsy. If the tumour is detected early, radiotherapy is usually successful. Otherwise, removal of part or all of the penis may be necessary.