Lymphoedema

An abnormal accumulation of lymph in the tissues, which occurs when the normal drainage of lymph is disrupted (see lymphatic system). There are various causes. In the tropical disease filariasis, lymphatic vessels may be blocked by parasitic worms. Cancer can lead to lymphoedema if vessels become blocked by deposits of cancer cells. Surgical removal of lymph nodes under the arm or in the groin, or radiotherapy to an area containing lymph nodes, may also result in lymphoedema. Rarely, the condition is due to a congenital abnormality of the lymphatic vessels known as Milroy’s disease. In addition, the disorder may occur for no known cause. Lymphoedema may develop in the arm following a radical mastectomy. Otherwise, it usually causes swelling of the legs, to an incapacitating degree in some people. There is no known cure. Treatment consists of taking diuretic drugs, massage, wearing an elastic bandage or compression sleeve, and special exercises; these measures may bring about some improvement.