Ideas put forward by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961). Jung theorized that certain ideas (called archetypes) inherited from experiences in a person’s distant past were present in his or her unconscious and controlled the way he or she viewed the world. Jung called these shared ideas the “collective unconscious”. He believed that each individual also had a “personal unconscious”, containing experiences from his or her life, but he regarded the collective unconscious as superior. Therapy was aimed at putting people in touch with this source of ideas, particularly through dream interpretation. Jung’s approach was also based on his theory of personality, which postulated 2 basic types: the extrovert and the introvert. One of these types dominates a person’s consciousness and the other must be brought into consciousness and reconciled with its opposite for the person to become a whole individual.
Jungian theory |
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