Haemarthrosis

Bleeding into a joint, causing the capsule that encloses the joint to swell, and resulting in pain and stiffness. Haemarthrosis is usually the result of severe injury to a joint. Less common causes are bleeding disorders, such as haemophilia, and overuse of anticoagulant drugs. Ice-packs may reduce swelling and pain. Fluid may be withdrawn for pain relief and for diagnosis. Haemophiliacs are given factor VIII to promote blood clotting. Resting the joint in an elevated position can prevent further bleeding. Repeated haemarthrosis may damage joint surfaces, causing osteoarthritis.