An abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between 2 organs. Fistulas may be present from birth or may be acquired as a result of tissue damage. Congenital types include tracheoesophageal fistulas, branchial fistulas (see branchial disorders), and thyroglossal fistulas (see thyroglossal disorders). Acquired fistulas may result from injury, infection, or cancer. Fistulas between the intestine and the skin may occur in Crohn’s disease. Some types of arteriovenous fistula (between an artery and a vein) are surgically constructed to provide ready access to the circulation in people who are having dialysis. Some types of fistula close spontaneously but most need to be treated surgically.
Fistula |
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