A slow-growing, noncancerous tumour of the uterus, consisting of smooth muscle and connective tissue. There may be 1 or more fibroids, and they may be as small as a pea or as large as a grapefruit. Fibroids are common, appearing most often in women aged 35 to 45. The cause is thought to be related to an abnormal response to oestrogen hormones. Oral contraceptives containing oestrogen can cause fibroids to enlarge, as can pregnancy. Decreased oestrogen production after the menopause usually causes them to shrink. In many cases, there are no symptoms. If a fibroid enlarges and projects into the cavity of the uterus, it may cause heavy or prolonged periods. A large fibroid may exert pressure on the bladder, causing frequent passing of urine, or on the bowel, causing backache or constipation. Fibroids that distort the uterine cavity may be responsible for recurrent miscarriage or infertility. Fibroids that do not cause symptoms are often discovered during a routine pelvic examination. Ultrasound scanning can confirm the diagnosis. Small, symptomless fibroids usually require no treatment, but regular examinations may be needed to assess growth. Surgery is required for fibroids that cause serious symptoms. In some cases, they can be removed with a hysteroscope or under general anaesthesia, leaving the uterus intact. Sometimes, however, a hysterectomy is necessary.
Fibroid |
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