The accumulation of fluid in a joint space, causing swelling, limitation of movement, and usually pain and tenderness. A joint is enclosed by a capsule lined with a membrane called the synovium. The synovium normally secretes small amounts of fluid to lubricate the joint, but if it is damaged or inflamed (for example, by arthritis) it produces excessive fluid. Pain and inflammation may be relieved by analgesic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and injections of corticosteroid drugs. Swelling usually reduces with rest, firm bandaging, icepacks, and keeping the affected joint raised. In some cases, the fluid is drawn out with a needle and syringe.
Effusion, joint |
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