Pain or discomfort during or just before a period. Primary dysmenorrhoea is common in teenage girls and young women. It usually starts 2–3 years after menstruation begins but often diminishes after the age of 25. The exact cause is unknown. One possibility is excessive production of, or undue sensitivity to, prostaglandins, hormonelike substances that stimulate spasms in the uterus. Secondary dysmenorrhoea is due to an underlying disorder, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis, and usually begins in adult life. Cramp-like pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen occurs, sometimes with a dull ache in the lower back. Some women have nausea and vomiting. Mild primary dysmenorrhoea is often relieved by analgesic drugs. In severe cases, symptoms can usually be relieved with oral contraceptives or other hormonal preparations that suppress ovulation. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhoea depends on the cause.
Dysmenorrhoea |
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